Filipino Words You Didn’t Know Were Common Hokkien Words

Chinese and Filipinos have lived side by side for centuries, and both cultures have borrowed from one another to create something that’s wholly and uniquely Chinoy. From trade to migration, these two cultures have influenced each other in myriad ways, particularly in language. The blending of Chinese and Filipino languages has resulted in a unique fusion that is evident in many aspects of Filipino life today. 

While certain words, such as “siopao,” “siomai,” and “lomi,” clearly reflect their Hokkien origins—a Chinese dialect familiar to many—there are plenty of common Hokkien words that have been so deeply incorporated into the Tagalog language that very few people realize they were borrowed from Chinese. This intricate and often subtle integration of Chinese words into Filipino vocabulary highlights the profound and enduring relationship between these two cultures, revealing a fascinating aspect of the Philippines’ linguistic heritage.

Everyday Words with Chinese Roots

A fascinating aspect of Filipino vocabulary is the seamless integration of common Hokkien words into daily conversations. These words have become so entrenched in Filipino culture that their Chinese origins usually go unnoticed.

Bakyâ

Bakyâ was derived from the common Hokkien word 木屐 (ba̍k-kiah), which is called Wooden clogs in the English language and these were once the most commonly used footwear in the Philippines before the introduction of rubber sandals. 

As shown in the image, Bakyâ is made out of local light wood like santol or laniti, which were cut to size, shaven smooth, and often carved with floral geometric patterns, or landscape designs. Some varieties were painted or varnished with the upper parts being made of rattan, tight cloth, or modern materials like plastic or rubber.

Initially, bakyâ was a symbol of the masses and it has seen a revival among the upper classes and has been proposed as the National Slipper of the Philippines since 2014. The craftsmanship involved in making bakyâ is unique, reflecting the rich cultural heritage and artistic skills of Filipino artisans.

Buwisit

A term expressing annoyance or frustration, akin to calling something a nuisance. Derived from the Hokkien phrase 無衣食 (bô-ui-si̍t) meaning ‘no benefit,’ buwisit is often used to describe situations or people that cause trouble or bad luck. The word has permeated various aspects of Filipino speech, from everyday conversations to popular media, symbolizing the integration of Chinese expressions into Filipino culture.

Suya

It might be hard to believe, but the word suya has Chinese roots—衰啊 (soe-a), which means feeling sick of or fed up with something. Nowadays, people use suya to describe weariness or dissatisfaction with a person, food, or situation. This term captures a shared human experience of frustration and boredom, highlighting the cultural and emotional connections between Filipino and Chinese communities.

Bimpo

Another common Hokkien word in Filipino vocabulary is bimpo, pronounced in Hokkien as 面布 (bīn-pò͘), meaning a small towel or washcloth. This essential item in Filipino households is used for personal hygiene and cleaning. The word bimpo reflects the influence of Chinese daily practices on Filipino life, highlighting the practical and cultural exchanges that have shaped Filipino domestic habits.

Gunggóng

It is used to describe someone as foolish or silly, often in a lighthearted or playful manner. This term underscores how humor and character descriptions have been shared and adapted between Chinese and Filipino communities. The Hokkien term “戇戇” (gōng-gōng) highlights the cultural exchange of idiomatic expressions and the nuances of language in everyday interactions.

Intsík

While Filipinos use Intsík to refer to someone who is Chinese, its actual meaning is more nuanced. The term Intsík comes from the Hokkien word 引叔 (ín-chek) for “uncle” or “mister.” Historically, it has been used both respectfully and pejoratively, reflecting the complex relationship between Filipino and Chinese communities. Over time, the usage of Intsík has evolved, mirroring the dynamics of cultural integration and social perception.

Miswa

Fine wheat noodles used in Filipino cuisine, particularly in soups and celebratory dishes called Miswa came from one of the common Hokkien words 麵線 (mī-soàⁿ), which means Chinese salted noodles.

Miswa is known for its quick cooking time and delicate texture, often served during birthdays and special occasions to symbolize long life and prosperity. The integration of miswa into Filipino cuisine highlights the deep culinary influences and shared food traditions between the Filipino and Chinese cultures.

Pakyáw

Whether or not you are a shopaholic, you probably have heard or used pakyáw when it comes to wholesale deals. This word has Chinese roots and comes from the Hokkien term 縛繳 (pa̍k-kiáu), which means to submit by bundle.

Pakyáw is commonly used in markets and business transactions, reflecting the economic interactions and business practices influenced by Chinese traders. This term signifies the collaborative commercial relationships and the adaptation of Chinese trade terminologies in Filipino marketplaces.

Ginto

The Filipino word for gold, referring to the precious metal, has deep cultural and historical significance. Gold symbolizes wealth and prosperity in Filipino culture. The term originates from the common Hokkien word 金條 (kim-tiâu), highlighting the long history of trade and cultural exchange between Filipino and Chinese communities, where gold was valued as a symbol of status and economic power.

Hukbô

Hukbô is another Filipino word with Chinese roots, pronounced as 服務 (ho̍k-bū) in Hokkien, which means army or military force. This term reflects the influence of Chinese military terminology on Filipino martial and defense systems. It highlights the historical exchange of military concepts and strategies between the two cultures, showcasing their shared approaches to defense and warfare.

Susì

Susì or 鎖匙 (só-sî) in Hokkien is a word for key, used for locking or unlocking. This term is a staple in everyday vocabulary, essential for security and privacy. The integration of susì into the Filipino vocabulary illustrates the blending of practical items and concepts from Hokkien into Filipino daily life, emphasizing the importance of security and personal space in both cultures.

Pansit

Before the pun “This is it pansit” became popular, the word pansit was already known as a popular Filipino noodle dish, influenced by Chinese cuisine. In Hokkien pansit is called  扁食 (pán-si̍t), which means kneaded food in English.

Pansit comes in various forms and is often served during celebrations and gatherings. Its name and preparation methods reflect the culinary fusion and shared love for noodle dishes in both cultures. Pansit symbolizes the rich culinary heritage and the festive spirit of Filipino-Chinese communities.

Tiyák

A Filipino term for a slap or hit, 的 (tiak), is used in both literal and figurative contexts to describe physical and verbal reprimands. The term highlights the shared expressions of discipline and correction, emphasizing the cultural exchange of idiomatic expressions. Tiyák conveys the idea of something being true or real, underscoring the nuances of language in disciplinary actions.

Hikaw

Believe it or not, the ear accessory that we use for our ears called earrings or hikaw in Filipino vocabulary was derived from the hokkien word 耳鉤 (hǐ-kau), which reflects the influence of Chinese fashion and jewelry practices. Earrings are a common form of personal adornment, showcasing the blending of Chinese and Filipino aesthetics and beauty standards.

Sungki

Another Filipino word that you did not know where a common Hokkien words 伸齒 (chhun-khí) is Refers to crooked, protruding tooth, or misaligned teeth. The term is commonly used in descriptions of dental appearance, indicating the blending of health and descriptive terms from Hokkien into Filipino language. Sungki reflects the cultural and linguistic integration of medical and physical descriptions.

Toge

Mung bean sprouts, or 豆芽 (tāu-gê) in Hokkien, are a common ingredient in Filipino dishes. Tōge, as it’s often called, is celebrated for its nutritional value and is frequently used in salads, stir-fries, and soups. The use of toge in Filipino cuisine highlights the shared culinary traditions and the focus on healthy, nutritious ingredients in both cultures.

Huweteng

A popular numbers game of chance, often associated with gambling, is 花當 (hoe-tǹg), also known as huweteng. Huweteng has a complex history in the Philippines, blending local and Chinese gaming traditions. The game reflects the shared pastime and entertainment practices, illustrating the cultural integration of leisure activities and the influence of Chinese gaming culture on Filipino society.

Lumpiyâ

Before Abby Marquez became known as the “Lumpiyâ Queen,” and the dish that people sina-sharon during parties, Lumpiyâ came from hokkien word 潤餅 (lūn-piáⁿ), which refers to spring rolls, which can be served either fresh or fried. 

This type of spring roll is widely enjoyed in the Philippines and is a beloved snack and appetizer. Lumpiyâ showcases the fusion of Filipino and Chinese culinary traditions, often gracing festive occasions and family gatherings. It reflects both the shared cultural heritage and the influence of Chinese cuisine on Filipino food practices.

Conclusion

The Filipino language is a vibrant tapestry woven from various cultural threads, including a significant Chinese influence. The integration of common Hokkien words into everyday Filipino vocabulary reflects centuries of historical and cultural exchange. By exploring these linguistic connections, we gain a deeper appreciation for the Philippines’ rich, diverse heritage. For those interested in linguistic evolution and cultural history, the relationship between Filipino and Chinese languages offers a fascinating journey into the heart of the Philippines’ past and present.